Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk
menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu) terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa.
Berdasarkan waktu, Tenses dibagi dalam 3 patikan utama,
yaitu
- Sekarang (Present)
- Dulu (Past)
- Akan datang (Future)
Dari masing-masing 3 waktu tersebut dikategorikan
menjadi 3 bagian berdasarkan cara mengerjakannya yaitu:
- Simple (sederhana).Yaitu tidak ingin menunjukan bahwa pekerjaannya tersebut sedang dilakukan, telah dilakukan atau masih berlangsung
- Continuous (sedang dilakukan). Yaitu, ingin menunjukan bahwa pekerjaannya tersebut sedang dilakukan
- Perfect (telah dilakukan). Yaitu, ingin menunjukan bahwa pekerjaannya telah selesai dilakukan
Macam-macam Tenses
A.
Present Tense
1. Simple
present tense
Untuk
menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini.
Rumus ;
· Subject
( I, You, We, They )
( + ) Subject + V-1
( + ) Subject + V-1
( – ) Subject + Do Not + V-1
( ? ) Do + Subject + V-1
· Subject
( He, She, It )
( + ) Subject + V-1s/Es
( + ) Subject + V-1s/Es
(
– ) Subject + Does Not + V-1
( ? ) Does + Subject + V-1
Contoh Kalimat :
(
+ ) Dodi Reads A Book
(
– ) I Don’t Read A Book
(
? ) Does He Read A Book?
2. Present
Continuous Tense
Untuk
membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau saat pembicaraan
berlangsung
Rumus:
( + ) S + Tobe (Am, Is
Are) + Verb I-Ing
( – ) S + To Be Not +
Verb I-Ing
( ? ) To Be + S + Verb
I-Ing
Contoh
Kalimat :
( + ) She Is Cooking
( – ) She Is Not Cooking
( ? ) Is She Cooking
3. Present
Perfect Tense
Untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau
situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik
waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Rumus:
S
+ have (I, You, They, We) / has (She, He, It) + past participle (verb-3)
Contoh
kalimat:
-
I’ve read this book.
(Saya
sudah membaca buku ini.)
-
I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
(Saya
telah tinggal di Cilegon selama 3 bulan.)
-
They Have Walked To The Cinema.
(Mereka
Telah Berjalan Ke Bioskop)
-
She Has Not (Hasn’t) Wanted Me Coming
Here.
(Ia
Perempuan Tidak Ingin Saya Dating Kesini)
-
The Students Have Studied Physic Well.
(Murid-Murid Itu Telah Belajar Pelajaran
Fisika Dengan Sungguh-Sungguh)
-
The Teacher Has Not Come Yet.
(Guru Itu Belum Datang)
-
You Have Come To The School .
(Kamu Telah Datang Ke Sekolah)
-
Nobody Has Done Well.
(Tak Seorangpun Telah Melakukan Dengan
Benar)
4. Present
Perfect Continuous Tense
Untuk
mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi
telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi
tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi
sekarang.
Rumus:
( + ) S + Has/Have + Been + V1-Ing
(
– ) S + Has/Have Not + Been + V1-Ing
(
? ) Has/Have + S + Been + V1-Ing
Contoh kalimat:
( + ) The toddlers have been playing a ball for an
hour.
( - ) The toddlers
have not been playing a ball for an hour.
( ? ) Have the toddlers been playing a ball for an
hour?
(
+ ) She Has Been Eating
(
– ) She Has Not Been Eating
(
? ) Has Shee Been Eating
B. Past
Tense
1. Simple
Past Tense
Digunakan
untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus:
( + ) S + verb-2/be (was/were)
( – ) S + Did Not + V-1
( ? ) Did + Subject + V-1
Contoh kalimat:
( + ) Dodi Went To Beach Yesterday.
( – ) Dodi Didn’t Read A Book
( ? ) Did He Read A Book?
2. Past
Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu
aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Rumus:
(
+ ) S + was/were + present participle (-ing)
(
– ): S + Was/Were Not + Verb-Ing
(
? ): Was/Were + S + Verb-Ing
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) I Was Studying Last Nite
(
– ) They Were Not Studying Last Nite
(
? ) Was She Studying Last Nite
3. Past
Perfect Tense
Untuk
menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum
aksi lainnya terjadi.
Rumus:
( + ) S + Had + V-3
( – ) S + Had Not + V-3
( ? ) Had + S + V-3
Contoh
Kalimat :
( + ) The Taxi Had Left
( – ) The Taxi Had Not Left
( ? ) Had The Taxi Left?
4. Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan
durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu dimasa
lalu.
Rumus:
( + ) S+ Had + Been +Verb-Ing
( – ) S + Had Not + Been + Verb-Ing
( ? ) Had + S + Been + Verb-Ing
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) They Had Been Studying
(
– ) They Had Not Been Studying
(
? ) Had They Been Studying?
C.
Future
Tense
1.
Simple Future Tense
untuk
menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan, secara spontan atau
terencana.
Rumus:
(
+ ) Subject + Will + V-1
(
– ) Subject + Will Not + V-1
(
? ) Will+ Subject + V-1
Menggunakan
“Going To”:
(
+ ) S + Be (Am/Is/Are ) + Going To + V-1
(
– ) S + Be (Am/Is/Are) Not + Going To +
V-1
(
? ) Be ( Am/Is/Are ) + S + Going To + V-1
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) Dodi Will Return The Book Tomorrow
(
– ) I Will Not Buy A Book
(
– ) Will You Buy A Book?
2.
Future Continuous Tense
Untuk
mengungkapkan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Rumus:
(
+ ) S + Will Be + Verb-Ing
(
– ) S + Will Not Be + Verb-Ing
(
? ) Will + S + Be + Verb-Ing
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) She Will Be Studying
(
– ) She Will Not Be Studying
(
? ) Will She Be Playing
3.
Future Perfect Tense
Untuk mengungkapkan bahwa
suatu aktivitas akan sudah selesai pada suatu waktu pada masa mendatang.
Rumus:
(
+ ) S + Will + Have + V-3
(
– ) S + Will Not + Have + V-3
(
? ) Will + S + Have + V-3
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) They Will Have Studied
(
– ) They Will Not Have Studied
(
? ) Will They Be Studied?
4.
Future perfect continuous tense
Untuk mengungkapkan bahwa
suatu aksi akan sudah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu tertentu
di masa depan.
Rumus:
(
+ ) S + Will + Have + Been + Verb-Ing
(
– ) S + Will Not + Have + Been + Verb-Ing
(
? ) Will + S + Have + Been + Verb-Ing
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) Doni Will Have Been Eating
(
– ) Doni Will Not Have Been Eating
(
? ) Will They Have Been Eating?
D. Past
Future Tense
1.
Simple Past Future Tense
Untuk
menyatakan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan, membuat prediksi, dan membuat janji
di masa depan pada saat berada dimasa lalu.
Rumus:
Menggunakan
Would:
(
+ ) S + Would + V-1
(
– ) S + Would Not + V-1
(
? ) Would + S + V-1
Menggunakan
Going:
(
+ ) S + Was/Were + Going To + V-1
(
– ) S + Was/Were Not + Going To + V-1
(
? ) Was/Were + S + Going To + V-1
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) They Would Attend To This Seminar
(
– ) They Were Not Going Attend To This Seminar
(
? ) Would They Attend
2.
Past Future Continuous Tense
Menyatakan Peristiwa Atau
Yang Akan Sedang Dilakukan Atau Akan Sedang Terjadi Pada Masa Akan Datang
Ketika Berada Di Masa Lalu.
Rumus:
(
+ ) S + Would/Should + Be + Verb-Ing
(
– ) S + Would/Should Not + Be + Verb-Ing
(
? ) Would/Should + S + Be + Verb-Ing?
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) They Would Be Studying
(
– ) They Would Not Be Studying
(
? ) Would He Be Studying?
3. Past
Future Perfect Tense
Untuk
membicarakan suatu aksi yang tidak terjadi di masa lalu (conditional sentence
type 3).
Rumus:
(
+ ) S + Would/Should + Have + V-3
(
– ) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + V-3
(
? ) Would/Should + S + Have + V-3
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) This house would have been painted if all workers had came yesterday
(
– ) It would not have been finished by the end of last month
(
? ) Would he have been delivered all my orders if i had paid my bill?
4.
Past future perfect continuous tense
Menyatakan Peristiwa Atau
Tindakan Yang Akan Sudah Berlangsung Dalam Waktu Lama Pada Durasi Waktu
Tertentu Di Masa Lalu.
Rumus:
(
+ ) S + Would/Should + Have + Been +
V-Ing
(
– ) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been +
V-Ing
(
? ) Would/Should + S + Have + Been +
V-Ing
Contoh kalimat:
(
+ ) Dian Would Have Been Sleeping
(
– ) Dian Would Not Have Been Sleeping
(
? ) Would She Have Been Sleeping?
